<p>With the launch of ERC-4337, EIP-3074, and EIP-7702 on Ethereum, we are witnessing the user experience (UX) and account structure of EVM wallets steadily moving towards a unified account structure based on Smart Accounts—what we call the ultimate goal of Universal Accounts.</p><p>KryptoGO has been developing its wallet for nearly three years now, and in that time, we have witnessed the transformation of the wallet and DApp user experience. In this article, we explore the future of Web3 wallets from the perspective of user journey and user ownership, particularly focusing on the interoperability between wallets and DApps.</p><h3>Four Forms of Crypto Wallets</h3><p>Crypto wallets generally come in four forms: third-party wallet extensions, super apps, specific applications, or embedded wallets. Regardless of the form, users face fragmented experiences when switching between different wallets and chains. This fragmentation is a significant barrier for new users and can even be a hassle for experienced users. Thus, achieving a Uniform User Experience (Uniform UX) is the ultimate goal for crypto wallets.</p><p>Achieving a unified user experience means that wallets will provide consistent foundational functionality, allowing every DApp and user to benefit from a simple and consistent operational experience. This will help address the pain points of multi-chain wallets and improve upon long-standing issues:</p><ol><li><p><strong>The Frustration of Asset Bridging</strong>: In a multi-chain world, bridging tokens feels like exchanging currencies across borders—cumbersome and time-consuming.</p></li><li><p><strong>Native Tokens for Gas on Every Chain</strong>: Operating on multiple blockchains is like driving different cars, each needing a specific type of fuel. The cost and complexity deter users.</p></li><li><p><strong>Manual Chain Switching</strong>: Every time you switch chains, it’s like arriving in a foreign town without knowing which bus route to take—you need to look everything up manually, which is far from intuitive.</p></li><li><p><strong>Multiple Clicks for Multi-Chain Setup</strong>: Trading across different chains requires numerous clicks, much like having to repeatedly enter your address and payment details when checking out. This kind of UX is cumbersome.</p></li><li><p><strong>Developer Burden</strong>: Developers need to create separate mechanisms for each chain, like needing a different set of tools for each dish—no reuse possible, which creates a heavy burden.</p></li><li><p><strong>Difficulty in Trying New Applications</strong>: Testing new applications on different chains feels like needing a new visa for every country you want to visit—the lack of seamlessness inhibits exploration.</p></li></ol><p>A unified wallet UX seeks to create a seamless Web3 experience that resolves these challenges, allowing DApps to build user experiences on a standardized framework without reinventing the wheel and leveraging the smart features of wallets to address various needs easily.</p><ul><li><p><strong>Sponsored Transactions</strong>: Some applications can work with wallets to sponsor transactions, saving users from the hassle of paying Gas each time.</p></li><li><p><strong>Use Any Token for Gas</strong>: Imagine being able to pay for fuel with a credit card, cash, or even loyalty points—this kind of flexibility is far more user-friendly.</p></li><li><p><strong>Batch Transactions</strong>: Imagine buying several items but being able to check out all at once rather than entering your card details for each one. On the wallet level, we want to batch transactions, allowing DApps to provide a more seamless experience.</p></li><li><p><strong>Permissions / Session Keys</strong>: Through smart accounts, applications can offer advanced functionality when additional permissions are needed, similar to lending a friend a temporary key to your house so they can water your plants while you're away, without compromising security.</p></li><li><p><strong>Cross-L2 Transactions</strong>: Users shouldn't need to manually switch chains; wallets should automatically pick the best chain for the task, just like a navigation system finds the quickest route.</p></li></ul><p>The solution to these pain points shouldn't rely solely on the wallets; DApps also need to collaborate to create a better user experience. For example, account recovery functionality should be supported by the wallet rather than each DApp doing it independently. Such cooperation will help us achieve a unified, simple, and powerful user experience in the Web3 world.</p><h2>Evolution Path of Wallet UX</h2><p>Imagine a world where users don’t need to learn how to use every new wallet, where they don’t face numerous steps to confirm transactions, but can operate seamlessly on a consistent infrastructure. This is the future we envision for wallets. For example, through smart accounts, we can eliminate cumbersome approvals, support batch transactions, and allow users to pay transaction fees with any token—further simplifying operations and improving user experience.</p><h3>1. Account Abstraction (AA) Wallets: The Foundation of Uniform UX</h3><p>Smart Accounts separate signature verification from transaction execution, which is key to a unified user experience. In recent years, we have seen applications like Trust Wallet allowing users to create wallets with a password rather than mnemonic phrases, and pay transaction fees using any token; <a target="_blank" rel="" href="http://Anichess.com">Anichess.com</a> uses social login and gasless NFT minting, making blockchain gaming more accessible; Kwenta uses session keys and batch transactions to offer a one-click trading experience.</p><h3>2. Launch of Proprietary Wallets by Various Brands</h3><p>In Web3, an interesting question is: Who owns the end users? Many applications initially relied on users from different wallets but ultimately chose to create their own proprietary wallets to gain control over user data and enhance stickiness, as seen with Uniswap and Ronin.</p><h3>3. From Token Management to Super Apps</h3><p>Wallet evolution is heading towards "super apps." These wallets are not just token management tools but platforms where users can complete a range of operations—from token swapping to participating in DeFi—without leaving the wallet. Applications like Safe offer an app store-like experience, allowing users to complete a wide array of activities within the wallet, presenting a revolutionary development direction.</p><h3>4. Embedded Wallets for Web2-Like Experiences</h3><p>In the DApp space, we see the rise of embedded wallets. These wallets are integrated into applications, controlling the user journey to provide a seamless experience similar to Web2. For example, in some social applications, users don’t even realize they are using a wallet. However, this also leads to fragmentation: users may have multiple wallets across different DApps. Solving this dispersed account and asset management problem is the next challenge.</p><p>Further development of embedded wallets will allow DApps to offer a more seamless user experience. The concept of a global wallet aims to solve this problem, enabling users to access different applications through a unified identity, thereby reducing fragmentation and allowing DApps to better understand users and provide personalized services.</p><h3>5. Chain Abstraction: Overcoming Barriers in Multi-Chain Operations</h3><p>Chain Abstraction is another key to achieving uniform UX. With the increasing number of chains, users and developers face complex processes like cross-chain asset management, fee payments, and network switching. The introduction of chain abstraction will effectively alleviate these pain points, allowing users to seamlessly operate across multiple chains without needing to understand the underlying technical details.</p><p>Chain abstraction will enable users to operate seamlessly across different chains without manually switching networks or managing gas fees. It can serve both new and advanced users, depending on how DApps and wallets tailor their settings. As Account Abstraction progresses, it has the potential to become the foundation of Chain Abstraction, supporting the next wave of multi-chain applications.</p><h2>Conclusion</h2><p>A unified user experience is the goal that Web3 should strive for. By removing friction points, we can significantly expand the market and bring crypto wallets into the mainstream. During this process, both DApp and wallet developers should think about how to make a uniform user experience a reality and collectively drive the adoption of Web3.</p>

With the launch of ERC-4337, EIP-3074, and EIP-7702 on Ethereum, we are witnessing the user experience (UX) and account structure of EVM wallets steadily moving towards a unified account structure based on Smart Accounts—what we call the ultimate goal of Universal Accounts.

KryptoGO has been developing its wallet for nearly three years now, and in that time, we have witnessed the transformation of the wallet and DApp user experience. In this article, we explore the future of Web3 wallets from the perspective of user journey and user ownership, particularly focusing on the interoperability between wallets and DApps.

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